Once ΔFosB is sufficiently overexpressed, it induces an addictive state that turns into increasingly more extreme with further increases in ΔFosB expression. It has been implicated in addictions to alcohol, cannabinoids, cocaine, methylphenidate, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, propofol, and substituted amphetamines, amongst others. Published knowledge are inadequate to determine whether chronic
